Definition

A large amount of data collected from the Internet comes from user-generated content . This includes blogs, posts on social networks, and information submitted in forms. Besides user-generated data, corporations sont également Currently data mining data from Consumers in order to Understand customers, identify new markets, and make investment decisions. Kirkpatrick the Director at United Nations Global Pulse Labels “massive passive data” or “data exhaust”. ^[3] Data philanthropy is the idea that something positive can come from this overload of data. Data philanthropy is defined as the private sector in which the public can benefit. ^[1] The term philanthropy helps to focus that data sharingis a positive act and that the shared data is a public good. ^[3]

Challenges

A challenge that comes with sharing data is the Internet privacy of the user is used. Mathematical techniques, access to privacy and confidentiality, providing the data, But even if these algorithms work there is always the possibility and fear of re-identification. ^[1]

The other challenge is convincing corporations to share their data. The big data corporations collect provides them with market competitiveness. They are able to infer the meaning of consumer behavior . The fear is that by sharing all their information, they can lose their competitive edge. ^[1]

Sharing strategies

The goal of data philanthropy is to create global data where governments, governments, and individuals can contribute anonymous, aggregated datasets. ^[2] The United Nations Global Pulse offers information about how to protect the environment. These include: ^[1]

1. Share aggregated and derived data sets for analysis under nondisclosure agreements (NDA)
2. Allow researchers to analyze data within the private company’s own network, under NDA
3. Real-Time Data Commons: data pooled and aggregated between multiple companies of the same industry to protect competitiveness
4. Public / Private Alerting Network: companies mine data behind their own firewalls and share indicators

By providing these four tactics to the United States and the United States.

Digital disease detection

Data philanthropy has led to advancements in the field of health and wellness. By using data collected from social media, cell phones, and other communication modes, the health researchers have been able to track the spread of diseases. ^[4]

In the United States HealthMap , a free and open source software is using data related to the epidemic of diseases. HealthMap analyzes data from public sources sources such as, news websites, government alerts, and social media sites like Twitter for outbreaks of various illnesses around the world. ^[4] [5] The Creators of HealthMap, Another Flu, You, Who Can Deliver Their Own Health Status on a Weekly Basis. Traditional flu monitoring can take up to 2 weeks to confirm outbreaks. ^[4]Doctors must wait for virological test to confirm the outbreak before reporting to the Centers for Disease Control. This form of data can be used to provide information about various types of information. It is the data gathered on social media sites, where users are not aware of their data and are led by HealthMap and Flue Near to you being considered data philanthropy. ^[4]

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated with Google and the Flu Trends in 2008, a website that tracks flu-related searches and user lettings to track the spread of the flu. Can can can can can can can can can Users Users Users Users Users Users Users </s> Users </s> Users </s> Users </s></s>. The difficulty with this method is that of being more or less of a curiosity rather than an individual. According to Ashley Fowlkes, an epidemiologist in the CDC Influenza division, “the Google Flu Trends system is a type of media bias by modeling that is stable”. ^[4]Google Flu Trends is not longer than current publications. Visitors to the site can still view and download. Current data can be shared with verified researchers. ^[6]

A study by Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) released in the October 12, 2012 issue of the Journal of Science discussed how the data is used in the spread of malaria in Kenya. The researchers mapped phone calls and texts made by 14,816,521 Kenyan mobile phone subscribers. ^[7] When patients left their primary residence and the destination was calculated. This data was then compared to a 2009 malaria prevalence map to estimate the disease’s commonness in each location. Combining all this information the researchers can estimate the probability of an individual carrying malaria and the movement of the disease. This research, a result of data philanthropy, can be used to track the spread of similar diseases. ^[7]

Application in various fields

Through data philanthropy ‘ big data ‘ companies such as social networking sites , telecommunication companies, search engines among others, collect and make user generated information available to a data sharing system. This also allows us to give back to a beneficial cause. With the onset of technological Advancements, sharing data was overall scale and an in-depth analysis of These data structures Could alter the reaction Towards some instances, be it natural disasters , epidemics , worldwide economic problems and Many other events. Some analyst have argued ^[8]That this aggregated information is beneficial for the common good and can lead to Developments in research and data generation in a Range of varied fields. ^[8]

Humanitarian aid

Calling patterns of mobile phone users can determine the socioeconomic standings of the populace qui peut être used to deduce “its access to housing, education, healthcare, and basic services as water and electricity Such”. ^[8]Researchers from Columbia University and the Karolinska Institute utilize information from mobile phoneproviders, in order to assist in the dispersal of resources by deducing the movement of those displaced by natural disasters. Big data can also provide information on looming disasters and can assist relief organizations. By analyzing certain patterns within this ‘big data’, could successively transform the response to destructive occurrences like natural disasters, outbreaks of diseases and global economic distress, by employing real-time information to achieve a comprehension of the welfare of individuals. Corporations utilize digital services, such as human sensor systems to detect and solve impending problems within communities. This is a strategy implemented by the private sector to protect its citizens by anonymously dispersing customer information to the public sector, while also ensuring the protection of their privacy. ^[8]

Impoverished areas

Poverty still remains a worldwide issue with over 2.5 billion people ^[9] currently impoverished. Accumulating accurate data has been a complex issue but developments in technology and using ‘big data’, ^[9] is one solution for this situation. Statistics of the use of mobile phones, even within impoverished communities. This availability could prove vital in gathering data on living in poverty populations. Additional data can be collected through Internet access , social media, utility payments, and governmentalstatistics. Data-driven activities can lead to the cumulation of ‘big data’, which in turn can assist international non-governmental organization in documenting and assessing the needs of underprivileged populations. Through data philanthropy, NGO ‘s distributing information while cooperating with governments and private companies. ^[9]

Corporate

Data philanthropy incorporates aspects of social philanthropy by permitting corporations to create profound impacts through the act of giving back by dispersing proprietary datasets. ^[10] The public sector , is faced with an unequal and limited access to the frequency of data and also produces, collects and preserves information, which has to be essential. The company’s track and analysis users online, so it’s to gain more insight into their needs in relation to new products and services. ^[11] These companies view the welfare of the population as a key to the expansion and growth of businesses by placing a spotlight on the plight of global citizens. ^[8] Expertsin the private sector contend the importance of merging various data streams such as retail, mobile phone and social media data to create necessary solutions to global handle issues. Despite the inevitable risk of sharing private information, it works in a beneficial manner and serves the interests of the public. ^[12] The digital revolution causes an extensive production of ‘big data’ that is user-generated and available on the web. Corporations accumulate information on customer preferences through the digital services they utilize and purchase, in order to gain a clear insight on their customers and future market opportunities. ^[8]However, the rights of individuals in the field of privacy and confidentiality are controversial. Companies Monitor and Probe Consumers and Customers in the United States. ^[13]

Academia

Data philanthropy plays an important role in academia . Researchers encounter countless obstacles while attempting to access data. This data is available to a limited number of researchers who are authorized to use this information; social media streams enabling them to produce more knowledge and develop new studies. For example, Twitter markets access to its real-time APIs at exorbitant prices, which often outperforms the budgets of most researchers. ‘Data Grants’ ^[13] is a trial program created by Twitter that provides a selective number of academics and researchers with access to real-time databases in order to garner more knowledge. They apply to gain entry into vast data downloads, on specific topics.^[13]

Human rights

Data philanthropy aids the human rights movement, by assisting in the dispersal of evidence for truth commissions and war crimes tribunals. Proponents of human rights accumulate data on abuse within countries, which is then used for scientific analysis and propels awareness and action. For example, non-profit organizations compile data from Human Rights monitors in the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. It uncovers inconsistencies in the number of casualties of war, which in turn leads to international attention and exerts. ^[13]

See also

• Big Data

References